{"id":23301,"date":"2023-03-16T11:43:38","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T11:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/?p=23301"},"modified":"2023-12-18T11:05:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T11:05:47","slug":"is-healthy-life-expectancy-in-northern-ireland-almost-ten-years-lower-than-in-ireland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/is-healthy-life-expectancy-in-northern-ireland-almost-ten-years-lower-than-in-ireland\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Is healthy life expectancy in Northern Ireland almost ten years lower than in Ireland?<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is the number of years someone can expect to live in good health: for NI, the current estimate for HLE is around 62 years while, for Ireland, it is 69.4 years<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>However, Northern Ireland uses a different definition of good health, meaning direct comparisons between the two figures are ill-advised<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Analysis of other HLE estimates indicates the gap between NI and ROI is nowhere near ten years<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On 4 March, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/2023\/03\/04\/unionists-prefer-grim-past-to-future-and-flags-to-good-fortune\/\">Irish Times columnist David McWilliams claimed:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe average person in the Republic can expect to live a healthy life for almost a full decade longer than people in the North. The figure for the North is 61 years and the corresponding one for the Republic is 69.4 years.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Official figures for Northern Ireland indicate that healthy life expectancy is closer to 62 years, rather than 61, while in the Republic of Ireland healthy life expectancy is indeed around 69.4 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, \u201chealthy life expectancy\u201d is defined in very different ways in the two jurisdictions and comparisons between the two figures are ill-advised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When other estimates for healthy life expectancy are considered, it becomes clear that the gap between NI and RoI is nowhere near a decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Definitions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Life expectancy (LE) is the average number of years an individual born within a specific time period can expect to live. It is an estimate calculated using statistical analysis, based on official data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is, broadly, the length of time someone can expect to live in good health. Its specific definition can change from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, making comparisons tricky, or even invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Figures<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most recent figures on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Northern Ireland were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/health\/hscims-life-expectancy-ni-2019-21.pdf\">published in January by the Department of Health<\/a>, and cover the years 2019-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Those figures state that males born in NI during that period have a HLE of 60.6 years, while for females the figure is 62.7. This suggests that people in NI have an overall HLE closer to 62 years rather than 61 years, as claimed by Mr McWilliams (however, rounding errors are not the central problem with this claim).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Figures <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/releasesandpublications\/ep\/p-mip\/measuringirelandsprogress2019\/health\/\">published by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) last year<\/a> state that the HLE in Ireland is 69.4 years, as claimed in the Irish Times article. This relates to estimates for children born in 2018. The HLE for males was 68.4; for females, it was 70.4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Differences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike life expectancy, calculating healthy life expectancy relies on various survey data and individuals\u2019 self-reporting of their own health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health-ni.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/health\/hscims-life-expectancy-ni-accessible-2019-21.pdf\">NI<\/a>, the key survey question asks individuals to classify their own health on a five-point scale: very good; good; fair, bad; or very bad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When calculating HLE in Northern Ireland, officials use analysis to estimate how long someone can expect to live in very good or good health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Ireland, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/releasesandpublications\/ep\/p-mip\/measuringirelandsprogress2019\/appendices\/\">CSO relies on data provided by Eurostat<\/a> and provides an estimate of \u201cthe number of years that a person at birth is expected to live without any severe or moderate health problems\u201d. The key survey question is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor at least the past six months, to what extent have you been limited because of a health problem in activities people usually do? Would you say you have been:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Severely limited?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limited but not severely?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Not limited at all?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy in this case is defined as not living a \u201climited\u201d life (either severely or not severely), based on any health problems. Answers to this question are then analysed alongside mortality and other demographic data to arrive at an estimate of HLE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both of these approaches are valid. However, the different methodologies make direct comparisons between them difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Self-reported questions are subjective, in any case, but it should also be noted that in RoI \u201chealthy\u201d broadly means not living a \u201climited\u201d life &#8211; whereas in NI even describing your condition as \u201cfair\u201d is enough to not be considered healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Other comparisons<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mr McWilliams\u2019 article made other claims about HLE in Northern Ireland:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBabies born in the most deprived areas of Northern Ireland will live considerably less healthy lives than children born in India. Poor people in the North have a \u201chealthy\u201d life expectancy on a par with those living in Sierra Leone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe most deprived 20 per cent of households in Northern Ireland are so deprived that their babies born today can expect a \u201chealthy life\u201d for only 53 years. The corresponding figure for Sierra Leona is 52.9. The average Indian can expect 60 years of a healthy life, more than someone born in a poor community in the northeast part of this island.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health-ni.gov.uk\/publications\/life-expectancy-northern-ireland-2019-21\">tabular data published in January by NI\u2019s Department of Health<\/a> actually states that the HLE of people born in most deprived parts of NI is 55.1 years for males and 52.3 for females, so the average HLE is closer to 54 years than 53 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The World Health Organisation\u2019s report <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/publications\/world-health-statistics\"><em>World Health Statistics 2022<\/em><\/a> contains tables with LE and HLE figures for many countries around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It states that the HLE for India is 60.3 and the HLE for Sierra Leone is 52.9, which matches the Irish Times article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The obvious question is whether these figures are comparable with those from NI. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator-details\/GHO\/gho-ghe-hale-healthy-life-expectancy-at-birth\">Although the WHO doesn\u2019t outline its methodology in great detail<\/a>, there is a clear implication that the answer to this question is no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Different questions lead to different answers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Northern Ireland\u2019s healthy life expectancy is not recorded by the WHO, which only publishes figures for the UK as a whole. There is a huge difference between the WHO calculations for UK HLE and the UK\u2019s own estimates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to WHO figures, HLE in the UK is 69.6 for males, 70.6 for females, and 70.1 overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/healthandlifeexpectancies\/bulletins\/healthstatelifeexpectanciesuk\/2018to2020\">In its most recent publication of HLE estimates the Office for National Statistics (ONS)<\/a> states that HLE for males in the UK (born in 2018-20) is 62.8 years, and for females the figure is 63.6 &#8211; lower on both counts by around seven years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This indicates the ONS methodology for calculating healthy life expectancy is much stricter than the method used by the WHO. Note that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-profile-for-england\/chapter-1-life-expectancy-and-healthy-life-expectancy\">the ONS uses the same definition for HLE as Northern Ireland.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Back to Ireland<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The WHO may not publish HLE estimates for Northern Ireland &#8211; but it does for Ireland. For children born in 2019, those estimates are 70.7 years for males, 71.4 years for females, and 71.1 years overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These are, once more, higher than the official statistics of the country in question. However, the gap (2.3 years for males, and 1 year for females, when compared with figures published by the CSO) is nowhere near the same as with the UK data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Purely considering WHO figures, Ireland has a higher HLE than the UK for both males, where it is 1.1 years more (70.7 years vs 69.6), and females, for whom it is 0.8 years more (71.4 years compared with 70.6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This suggests a HLE gap between the UK and Ireland of around one year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/healthandlifeexpectancies\/bulletins\/healthstatelifeexpectanciesuk\/2018to2020\">ONS figures estimate that NI\u2019s healthy life expectancy is just over one year less than the figure for the UK as a whole<\/a> (which is similar to other parts of the UK such as Wales and the West Midlands, and higher than some areas including Scotland and North East England).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although this is still not comparing like with like, it does suggest that the gap in healthy life expectancy between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is (roughly) around two years in total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These figures should not be taken as gospel &#8211; they rely on two separate comparisons made using different methodologies &#8211; but, taken altogether, the analysis of the wider evidence points to the difference in health life expectancy between NI and Ireland being nowhere near a decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bearing all this in mind, the claim made by Mr McWilliams is inaccurate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 4 March, Irish Times columnist David McWilliams claimed: \u201cThe average person in the Republic can expect to live a healthy life for almost a full decade longer than people in the North. The figure for the North is 61 years and the corresponding one for the Republic is 69.4 years.&#8221; Official figures for Northern&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,30],"tags":[315],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is healthy life expectancy in Northern Ireland almost ten years lower than in Ireland? - FactCheckNI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/is-healthy-life-expectancy-in-northern-ireland-almost-ten-years-lower-than-in-ireland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is healthy life expectancy in Northern Ireland almost ten years lower than in Ireland? - FactCheckNI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On 4 March, Irish Times columnist David McWilliams claimed: \u201cThe average person in the Republic can expect to live a healthy life for almost a full decade longer than people in the North. 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