{"id":1768,"date":"2018-06-15T21:50:36","date_gmt":"2018-06-15T21:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.factcheckni.org\/?p=1768"},"modified":"2022-03-22T23:40:39","modified_gmt":"2022-03-22T23:40:39","slug":"do-young-people-have-the-critical-literacy-skills-they-need","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/news\/do-young-people-have-the-critical-literacy-skills-they-need\/","title":{"rendered":"Do young people have the critical literacy skills they need?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>by Alan MEBAN for FactCheckNI (15 June 2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-46x65.jpg 46w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-35x50.jpg 35w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover-28x40.jpg 28w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/commission-fake-news-report-cover.jpg 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cOnly 2% of children and young people in the UK have the critical literacy skills they need to tell if a news story is real or fake, according to a survey published today by the National Literacy Trust. What do you think of that?\u201d asked the radio reporter who phoned on Wednesday morning.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The expected answer was a statement about the role of schools and the curriculum in developing these critical skills. However, that\u2019s not where my mind immediately jumped!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m not sure,\u201d I said. \u201cThe figure seems very low. And I think I\u2019ve got a lot of questions about who was asked and what they were asked? I\u2019m not entirely sure it fits with other reports I\u2019ve read on youth media literacy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/literacytrust.org.uk\/news\/only-2-uk-children-have-critical-literacy-skills-they-need-tell-if-news-real-or-fake\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">screaming headline<\/a> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/literacytrust.org.uk\/research-services\/research-reports\/fake-news-and-critical-literacy-final-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/literacytrust.org.uk\/documents\/1722\/Fake_news_and_critical_literacy_-_final_report.pdf\">PDF<\/a>] from the <a href=\"https:\/\/literacytrust.org.uk\/policy-and-campaigns\/all-party-parliamentary-group-literacy\/fakenews\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commission on Fake News and the Teaching of Critical Literacy Skills in Schools<\/a> was based on a survey conducted by the <a href=\"https:\/\/literacytrust.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Literacy Trust<\/a>, who provide secretarial support to the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Literacy who set up the Commission back in September 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The survey found:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Only 2% of children have the critical literacy skills they need to tell if a news story is real or fake<\/li><li>Two-thirds of children (60.6%) now trust the news less as a result of fake news<\/li><li>Half of children (49.9%) are worried about not being able to spot fake news<\/li><li>Half of teachers (53.5%) believe that the national curriculum does not equip children with the literacy skills they need to identify fake news<\/li><li>Two-thirds of teachers (60.9%) believe fake news is harming children\u2019s well-being, increasing their anxiety levels<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How was the 2% figure derived?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Between September and November 2017, 388 primary pupils and 1,832 UK secondary students were surveyed (along with 414 teachers). The report does not specify how the pupils were selected, nor how they were spread across the UK geographically, and the statistical significance\/tolerance is not mentioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pupils were asked to pick out the real and the fake from six stories presented on screen. They didn\u2019t know that two were fake and four were real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.9% of children (3.1% of primary pupils, 0.6% of secondary students) could correctly identify all six stories. This perfect score seems to have been translated into the headline conclusion that these were the only children with \u201cthe critical literacy skills they need to tell if a news story is real or fake\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet the report goes on to explain that over a quarter (28.4%) identified 4 or more stories (real or fake) correctly.<br>And forty percent (39.2%) correctly picked out both fake stories (but also labelled some of the real stories as fake).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An alternative headline might have read:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"px-8 md:px-12 relative my-6\">\n\t<h3 class=\"w-full lg:w-7\/12 text-left py-6 text-left quote-block\">40% of children and young people in this survey demonstrated critical thinking and spotted two fake news stories planted amongst four real ones, perhaps displaying an over-skepticism that meant they misidentified some of the real ones!<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Or it might have said:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"px-8 md:px-12 relative my-6\">\n\t<h3 class=\"w-full lg:w-7\/12 text-left py-6 text-left quote-block\">60% of children and young people could not detect the two fake stories sitting alongside four real ones in our survey.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Those are very different conclusions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The radio discussion around the report and its implications begins 43 minutes into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0b5t5r0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BBC Radio Ulster\u2019s Talkback programme on Wednesday 13 June<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One rule of fact-checking is to look for other sources of similar information to compare a claim with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Commission\u2019s report mentions a 2017 Channel 4 survey of UK adults which found that only 4% of respondents could identify all stories in a selection of six correctly. So the Commission\u2019s 2% figure is in a similar range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the need to get all six correct is rather perfectionist and not terribly real-world. Particularly since the children surveyed neither had the option to say \u2018I\u2019m suspicious\u2019 or \u2018I\u2019m not sure\u2019, nor to have a conversation with someone about their doubt, nor to quickly perform some internet searches to further assess the veracity of what they were reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ofcom\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/research-and-data\/media-literacy-research\/childrens\/children-parents-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Children\u2019s Media Literacy Research<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0020\/108182\/children-parents-media-use-attitudes-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PDF<\/a>] found that around 60% of 12-15 year olds reckoned that the news the saw on TV, heard on the radio, and were told by friends and family was always or mostly reported truthfully. However, for news on apps or social media, this level of trust dropped to a third.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"509\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1813\" src=\"http:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1.png 824w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-768x474.png 768w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-65x40.png 65w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-150x93.png 150w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-71-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-75x46.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><br>&nbsp;<br>However, only 37% of 12-15s using social media as a news source would questions whether a social media story was true.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"843\" height=\"380\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1771\" src=\"http:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1.png 843w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-65x29.png 65w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-150x68.png 150w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-75x34.png 75w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/figure-72-ofcom-2017-childrens-media-literacy-1-89x40.png 89w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 843px) 100vw, 843px\" \/><br>&nbsp;<br><strong>So there is clearly work to be done to boost critical thinking in young people.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the last couple of weeks, thousands of Year 10 children in Northern Ireland will have sat their GCSE English Language exams. CCEA\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rewardinglearning.org.uk\/microsites\/english_language\/revised_gcse\/index.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new specification for English<\/a> [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rewardinglearning.org.uk\/common\/includes\/microsite_doc_link.aspx?docid=21001-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PDF<\/a>] which was examined for the first time this year includes a section:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>analyse critically and assess evidence to understand how information or evidence can be used to serve different purposes or agendas, for example assessing the use of language in media texts<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>So teachers prepare children to discuss objectivity and bias; fact and opinion; propaganda, parody, hoax and lies.<br>Of course lies can be blatant lies, partial lies, or lies by omission. Perhaps the Commission\u2019s headline falls into that last category, misleading by the omission of the healthy scepticism displayed by 40% of pupils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s still no room for complacency with 60% of pupils not detecting the two fake stories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On top of its core fact checking service, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.factcheckni.org\/services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FactCheckNI offers training in schools and colleges as well as in community groups and other organisations<\/a>. The short sessions encourage critical thinking and offer practical techniques to quickly test the veracity of what we read and hear. <a href=\"mailto:info@factcheckni.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contact us<\/a> if you\u2019d like to book a session.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With so much news being consumed online through the plastic-covered electronics glued to our hands, we are bombarded with stories and click bait headlines. At the same time, the same devices \u2013 in collaboration with our curious brains \u2013 can help us answer some simple questions about what we are being told.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Who wrote it or produced it? Who is trying to get this message to you?<\/li><li>Who is the target audience and how was the message targeted? Have you been targeted in a particular demographic to see this Facebook advert? Is the story running on a network news bulletin? Is it based on a press release?<\/li><li>Who paid for it? Who gets paid if you click on it?<\/li><li>Who might benefit from this story? Or be harmed by the spread of this story?<\/li><li>What has been left out of the message that might be important?<\/li><li>Is this credible? And what makes you think that? Does your head tilt and an eyebrow raise as you hear the claim?<\/li><li>Are there corroborating sources? Or other trusted reports that make similar claims?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Alan Meban chairs the FactCheckNI advisory group.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Alan MEBAN for FactCheckNI (15 June 2018) \u201cOnly 2% of children and young people in the UK have the critical literacy skills they need to tell if a news story is real or fake, according to a survey published today by the National Literacy Trust. What do you think of that?\u201d asked the radio&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[254,282,56],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Do young people have the critical literacy skills they need? - FactCheckNI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New report claims only 2% of young people in UK have critical literacy skills to tell if a news story is real or fake. 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