{"id":17258,"date":"2021-03-30T12:00:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T12:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/?p=17258"},"modified":"2022-02-27T22:32:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T22:32:55","slug":"disinformation-in-a-pandemic-sharing-fact-checkers-experiences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/topics\/health\/disinformation-in-a-pandemic-sharing-fact-checkers-experiences\/","title":{"rendered":"Disinformation in a pandemic: sharing fact checkers\u2019 experiences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-65x37.jpg 65w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-75x42.jpg 75w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic-71x40.jpg 71w, https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/FactCheckNI-20210323-ImagineBelfast-Disinformation-in-a-Pandemic.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><b>As part of the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginebelfast.com\/events\/disinformation-in-a-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Imagine! Belfast Festival of Ideas and Politics<\/b><\/a><b>, on 23 March 2021, editors from three fact-checking organisations across these isles shared their experiences of work during the pandemic \u2014 Claire Milne (<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Full Fact<\/b><\/a><b>), Christine Bohan (<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/factcheck\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>TheJournal.ie<\/b><\/a><b>), and Allan Leonard (<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>FactCheckNI<\/b><\/a><b>). The event was hosted by Ciaran Hanna from <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/insideireland.ie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>InsideIreland.ie<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The event began with a discussion about misinformation and disinformation, and the differences between the two. Milne defined misinformation as when what is said is inaccurate, but the person expressing it or sharing it doesn\u2019t mean any harm, whereas disinformation is \u201ca step up\u201d with a deliberate attempt to mislead or create a false impression of something.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, it can be difficult to tell the intention of a misleading Facebook post. For example, a friend could share an item that might have started out with a deliberate attempt to mislead (disinformation), but people who share it thereafter could be doing so in good faith (misinformation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Disinformation in a Pandemic\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p97d1krKBlI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanna recalled a specific example of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/media\/2019\/dec\/10\/woman-says-account-hacked-to-post-fake-story-about-hospital-boy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a Facebook post that depicted a four-year-old boy on a hospital floor<\/a>, due to a lack of beds. Whereas the original author of the post may have been engaging in disinformation (the image was staged and\/or taken out of context), when a Conservative MP then shared it with a caption, \u201c[Is This] True?\u201d, it was amplified to this audience of thousands of followers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Milne replied that these are the types of claims, those without further information provided, that \u201cwe would definitely say to people, before you share, do stop and check\u201d. \u201cWe all do have a certain level of responsibility for the information that we share,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fact that social media accelerates the spread of information was noted. For example, misinformation shared in leaflets through the door is considerably slower than hitting the share button on social media. Leonard remarked that in pre-social media days, if there was a factual inaccuracy in a newspaper, it may be corrected in days, and even longer if it was republished through a wire service. \u201cNow, misleading claims appear all the time. In a sense, fact checkers are kind of that first line of trying to catch some of these things,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leonard explained how FactCheckNI was established on the back of research by a co-founder and executive director, Dr Orna Young, who examined how social media was being used positively and negatively in Northern Ireland. FactCheckNI supports the ideas of active citizenship and participatory democracy. \u201cWe want to engage with users, because fact checkers aren\u2019t going to be able to fact check everything out there,\u201d Leonard said. Media literacy and critical thinking are key components of what FactCheckNI delivers, especially through its training services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohan described how fact checking at TheJournal.ie began in 2016 \u2014 because of the Irish general election \u2014 and they were heavily influenced by what was happening in the US, in regards to the proliferation of mis- and disinformation. She thought that this scale would come to Ireland, but it didn\u2019t. It was the arrival of the pandemic that \u201ckicked it off for us\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until then, Bohan explained, their fact checks were \u201cwonky and quite academic \u2026 like we were politely correcting the records\u201d. Back then, it was focussed on people being a little bit loose with the facts, and on politicians. More recently, she said, it\u2019s been people on social media who have been the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the emergence of the pandemic, Milne said that the claims that they saw at Full Fact at the start exhibited skepticism about the origins of the novel coronavirus \u2014 that a patent for it had existed for many years (but that patent is actually for a coronavirus specific to cows).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, Leonard said that claims that they saw at FactCheckNI were less disinformation and more rumour based \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/michael-davitt-gac-offered-as-a-coronavirus-19-field-hospital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was a Gaelic pitch going to be used as a field hospital<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/is-there-a-plan-to-use-dundonald-ice-bowl-as-a-morgue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was the Dundonald Ice Bowl complex going to be used as a temporary morgue<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohan described the pandemic-related claims as coming in waves, with the first wave hitting in February to April, driven by anxiety and fear \u2014 people sending items to family and friends, saying, \u201cThe government isn\u2019t telling you this, but the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/debunked-coronavirus-testing-facility-dublin-5053846-Mar2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Defence Forces are going to have a lockdown tomorrow<\/a>.\u201d She thought that people had good intentions a lot of the time, but that it was very much not backed up by facts. It was people trying to get information to loved ones, Bohan said, because they felt it wasn\u2019t being given by the government or that they knew something that other people didn\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, she described the second wave as being based on distrust in the government. TheJournal.ie saw more conspiracy theories and items saying that the government is definitely lying to you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Milne explained how the number of claims that Full Fact were fact checking about the coronavirus went from being a small chunk of their work, to being basically everything that they were covering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leonard replied similarly about the evolution of FactCheckNI\u2019s work, from investigating political-based claims \u2014 \u201cgive us Brexit to fact check, the gift that kept on giving\u201d \u2014 to the issue of the pandemic completely dominating their work. He added that for their organisation it was more of a challenge to pivot, as they try to keep a specificity to Northern Ireland-related topics: \u201cThe pandemic changed all that. Your audience, our Northern Ireland audience, want good information on the global pandemic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He said that one outcome of this global focus was the establishment of an international initiative called the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/coronavirusfactsalliance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoronaVirusFacts Alliance<\/a>, with fact checking organisations sharing their fact-checking work into a single database available to anyone in the world to search. Leonard suggested that the pandemic brought a new level of collaboration among the global fact checking community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohan doesn\u2019t think that Ireland will go back to the relatively low grade of misinformation that existed before the pandemic, \u201cbecause now we\u2019ve seen chaos mongers, or professional agents of chaos, or people who deal in bringing murkiness to what\u2019s actually going on\u201d. That is, even once the pandemic is over, there are still people who have built up communities where the muckers, as it were, profit and\/or build their own personal profiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanna asked about whether there\u2019s a danger in highlighting a claim that may not deserve further publicity, otherwise known as the amplification effect. Bohan said that at TheJournal.ie they \u201cwrestle with that all the time\u201d, not wanting to bring people\u2019s conspiracy theories to a wider audience. However, if a claim is being spread widely and is of particular concern, they will publish a corrective fact check. She gave the example of a WhatsApp message being shared on Facebook, saying that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/factcheck-army-chipping-children-in-ireland-5264026-Nov2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microchips were going to be put into the arms of school children<\/a> in Ireland, and that parents should remove their kids from school. This claim was being shared among members of the travelling community in Ireland, and TheJournal.ie wanted to deliver the correct information to this particular group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Likewise, Leonard described FactCheckNI\u2019s experience of a <a href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/new-working-partnership-covid-19-information-dissemination-covid-19-id-project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership<\/a> with a community-based, health literacy organisation in Northern Ireland, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdhn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Community Development Health Network<\/a>. He said that this enabled FactCheckNI to deliver their articles to the users of the network, in a more direct (or less indirect) way: \u201cParticularly on the more complicated issues that weren\u2019t just straight \u2018true\u2019 or \u2018false\u2019, we definitely wanted to get that information out to the right audiences.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the topic of claims made about vaccines for COVID, Milne said that they fell into two camps: ones that had some grain of truth (and either deliberately or by accident, the claim had wandered away from the grain of truth), and the ones that were more outlandish and in conspiracy theory territory. For the latter, she gave the claim example that <a href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/health\/bill-gates-chips-bbc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bill Gates was planning to put microchips into the vaccines<\/a>: \u201cFor what ends, slightly unclear; often in these posts there were some elements of financial gain or population control.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanna noted the claim that the vaccine included the use of a dead fetus. Leonard remarked how pregnancy termination is a particularly sensitive topic in Northern Ireland, and explained why FactCheckNI decided to address the claim the way that it did: \u201cWe thought, \u2018We have the evidence, we could do this as a fact check.\u2019 But we know the beliefs of our audience \u2026 and if we just came up with a fact check that said \u2018it\u2019s not manufactured with any fetal cell lines\u2019, they could say, \u2018Yeah, but it\u2019s tested with them.\u2019 So we thought it would be best to have <a href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/covid-19-vaccines-and-aborted-fetuses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one article<\/a> that explained the process, what is true and what is not true \u2026 We wanted to present information so that readers could make more informed decisions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohan underlined this role of fact-checking organisations \u2014 being accessible and providing information that people can use. She added that for them, \u201ca lot of it was about how do we communicate this to people in a way that tells them what they want to know, without preaching or without wagging a finger at them for even asking the question in the first place?\u201d Bohan gave the example of fact checkers trying to clarify some of the issues that arose with the <a href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/health\/vaccine-side-effects-express\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AstraZeneca vaccine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanna closed the discussion with a request for advice to anyone coming across pandemic-related information. Milne replied, \u201cLook and see what health bodies are saying. What is the NHS saying? What is the World Health Organisation saying? Is there any more information that I can find from health bodies like that?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI would always pause, take a little step back before you believe it or hit that share button, and just do a little bit more digging first,\u201d suggested Milne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or as we say at FactCheckNI: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=%23thinkcheckshare&amp;src=typed_query&amp;f=live\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#ThinkCheckShare<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As part of the Imagine! Belfast Festival of Ideas and Politics, on 23 March 2021, editors from three fact-checking organisations across these isles shared their experiences of work during the pandemic \u2014 Claire Milne (Full Fact), Christine Bohan (TheJournal.ie), and Allan Leonard (FactCheckNI). The event was hosted by Ciaran Hanna from InsideIreland.ie. The event began&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,20],"tags":[242,205],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Disinformation in a pandemic: sharing fact checkers\u2019 experiences - FactCheckNI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/topics\/health\/disinformation-in-a-pandemic-sharing-fact-checkers-experiences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disinformation in a pandemic: sharing fact checkers\u2019 experiences - FactCheckNI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As part of the Imagine! Belfast Festival of Ideas and Politics, on 23 March 2021, editors from three fact-checking organisations across these isles shared their experiences of work during the pandemic \u2014 Claire Milne (Full Fact), Christine Bohan (TheJournal.ie), and Allan Leonard (FactCheckNI). The event was hosted by Ciaran Hanna from InsideIreland.ie. 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Belfast Festival of Ideas and Politics, on 23 March 2021, editors from three fact-checking organisations across these isles shared their experiences of work during the pandemic \u2014 Claire Milne (Full Fact), Christine Bohan (TheJournal.ie), and Allan Leonard (FactCheckNI). The event was hosted by Ciaran Hanna from InsideIreland.ie. 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